任意截面钢-混凝土组合柱的分析与设计

本文介绍一种通用的数值迭代的计算机方法,用于双向偏压荷载作用下具有任意截面形式的外包混凝土组合柱的截面分析和设计,本文对该方法的基本假定、任意截面的定义、所采用的数值迭代格式以及设计与分析步骤等进行了简要的描述。为了验证该方法的有效性,文末用该方法对两个典型的问题进行了分析     

New analytical method for predicting stresses around rectangular tunnels under arbitrary stress boundary conditions

Rectangular tunnels are often encountered in geotechnical engineering. To clarify the mechanical mechanism of the stresses around tunnels, this study presents new analytical approximant solutions for evaluating stresses around tunnels under arbitrary stress boundary conditions. The solutions consist of two parts: one is the solution for a half-plane before excavation, and the other is the solution for a half-plane with tunnels. The second part can be further decomposed into solutions of a half-plane without tunnels subjected to virtual tractions along the ground surface and solutions of an infinite plane with tunnels loaded by virtual tractions along tunnel boundaries. An efficient iterative procedure is proposed for determining the two sets of unknown virtual tractions, which are transformed into equivalent concentrated forces to simplify the computational process. The solutions agree very well with the results obtained by the finite element method. A parametric study is finally performed to investigate the influences of the tunnel buried depth, the tunnel shape, and surcharge loads on the stresses along the ground and around tunnels. The new proposed solutions potentially provide a potential alternative approach for preliminary designs of future rectangular tunnels.     

A parametric subdomain discretization for the analysis of the multiaxial response of reinforced concrete sections

The paper presents an improved sectional discretization method for evaluating the response of reinforced concrete sections. The section is subdivided into parametric subdomains that allow the modelization of any complex geometry while taking advantage of the Gauss quadrature techniques. In particular, curved boundaries are dealt with two nested parametric transformations, reducing the modeling approximation. It is shown how the so-called fiber approach is simply a particular case of the present more general method. Many benchmarks are presented in order to assess the accuracy of the results. The influence of the discretization into subdomains and of the quadrature rules, chosen for integration, is discussed. The numerical tests highlight also the effects of spurious stress distributions in the tensile concrete zone, due the interpolation functions adopted for the Gauss integration. It is shown how balancing the number of subdomains and the number of sampling points such spurious effects vanish. The method shows to be accurate, very flexible in the discretization process and robust in analyzing any sectional state. Moreover, it converges faster than the fiber method, reducing the computational demand. All these properties are of great importance when the computations are iteratively repeated, as for the case of the sectional analysis within a computational procedure for a R.C. frame analysis.     

Piezoelectric study for a three-phase composite containing arbitrary inclusion

This paper analyzes a coated inclusion of arbitrary shape embedded in an infinite plate subjected to anti-plane mechanical and in-plane electrical loadings. Based on the methods of complex variable, conformal mapping, Faber series and Laurent series, the complex potential for each component can be expressed in series form with unknown coefficients. The continuity conditions of the interfaces are used to build up a set of linear equations to determine the unknown coefficients. The exact solutions are obtained after the complex potentials are solved. By truncating the infinite system of linear equations at finite N terms, some numerical examples are provided to show the effect of the material mismatch and the shape of inclusion on the interfacial stress and elastic field. The accuracy of the linear systems is also discussed in the article.     

THE LAMINAR FLOW TUBULAR REACTOR WITH HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS I. Integral Equations for Diverse Reaction Rate Regimes

Design equations for non-isothermal Laminar Flow Tubular Reactors (LFTRs) with homogeneous and heterogeneous - at the reactor wall - reactions with arbitrary kinetic equations have been satisfactorily treated transforming the original P.D.E. problem into a system of integral equations. The kernels of the integral operators are related to an eigenvalue problem which does not depend on the kinetic equations; this avoids repetitive computational effort in the treating of different reaction kinetics.

To render a more efficient numerical treatment and according to the governing reaction rate regime, modified expressions of the general solution were obtained was follows: (i) a solution with kernels depending only on the diffusion and convective times was obtained for a low reaction regime; (ii) another solution with kernels including the reaction lime, besides the diffusion and convective ones, was necessary for a fast reaction regime and (iii) the local quasi-steady-state approximation was obtained as limiting case of solution (ii) for a instantaneous reaction regime.     

基于GPU的工业CT三维图像任意断面剖切算法

研究工业CT三维图像的内部信息是无损检测的重要途径。为了实时观察三维图像的任意断面,获取数据信息,提出一种基于GPU的体绘制任意断面剖切算法。该算法基于图形处理器（GPU）单指令多数据流（SIMD）计算方式,通过并行计算内积的方法确定体素与切面的位置关系。当体素位于切面外侧时,则将体素设置为完全透明,使其对显示图像没有贡献,实现了任意断面剖切。还可以实现多断面剖切和结合传输函数的剖切。试验证明,该算法达到交互速度,能够应用于工业无损检测过程中。     

硅黄铜阀门外壳铸造工艺改进

分析阀门外壳原铸造工艺产生缩孔、气孔、针孔和氧化夹渣等铸造缺陷的原因,针对这些缺陷,采取改变浇注位置、优化浇注系统,增加泡沫陶瓷过滤器、随形冷铁和随形冒口以及严格控制熔液质量等措施,基本上消除了铸造内部缺陷,铸件耐压测试合格率超过80%.     

Investigations on the effects of friction modeling in finite element simulation of machining

Accurately predicting the physical cutting process variables, e.g. temperature, velocity, strain and stress fields, plays a pivotal role for predictive process engineering for machining processes. These predicted field variables, however, are highly influenced by workpiece constitutive material model (i.e. flow stress), thermo-mechanical properties and contact friction law at the tool-chip-workpiece interfaces. This paper aims to investigate effects of friction modeling at the tool-chip-workpiece interfaces on chip formation process in predicting forces, temperatures and other field variables such as normal stress and shear stress on the tool by using advanced finite element (FE) simulation techniques.For this purpose, two distinct FE models with Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) fully coupled thermal-stress analyses are employed to study not only the effects of FE modeling with different ALE techniques but also to investigate the influence of limiting shear stress at the tool-chip contact on frictional conditions, which was never done before. A detailed friction modeling at the tool-chip and tool-work interfaces is also carried by coupling sticking and sliding frictions. Experiments and simulations have been performed for machining of AISI 4340 steel using tungsten carbide tooling and the simulation results under increasing limit shear stress have been compared to experiments. The influence of limiting shear stress on the tool-chip contact friction was explored and validity of friction modeling approaches was examined. The results presented in this work not only provide a clear understanding of friction in FEM modeling of machining but also advance the process knowledge in machining.     

Total differential methods based universal post processing algorithm considering geometric error for multi-axis NC machine tool

Multi-axis numerical control machining for free-form surfaces needs CAD/CAM system for the cutter location and orientation data. Since these data are defined with respect to the coordinate of workpiece, they need converting for machine control commands in machine coordinate system, through a processing procedure called post processing. In this work, a new universal post processing algorithm considering geometric error for multi-axis machine tool with arbitrary configuration. Firstly, ideal kinematic model and real kinematic model of the multi-axis NC machine tool are built respectively. Difference between the two kinematic models is only whether to consider the machine tool's geometric error or not. Secondly, a universal generalized post processing algorithm containing forward and inverse kinematics solution is designed to solve kinematic models of multi-axis machine tool. Specially, the inverse kinematics solution is used for the ideal kinematic model, while the forward kinematics solution is used for the real kinematic model. Then, a total differential algorithm is applied to improve the calculation speed and reduce the difficulty of inverse kinematics solution. Realization principle of the total differential algorithm is to transform the inverse kinematics solution problem into that one of solving linear equations based on spatial relationship of adjacent cutter locations. Thirdly, to reduce the complexity of geometric error calibration experiment, effect weight of geometric error components is determined by the sensitivity analysis based on orthogonal method, and then the real kinematic model considering geometric error is established. Finally, the universal post processing algorithm based on total differential methods is implemented and demonstrated experimentally in a five-axis machine tool. The results show that the maximum error value can be decreased to one-fifth using the proposed method in this paper.